amakuru

Gucapa, umuco umaze igihe kinini wo kohereza inyandiko n'amashusho ku mpapuro cyangwa ku bindi bikoresho, byahindutse cyane mu binyejana byinshi, uhereye ku kuba Johannes Gutenberg yaravumbuye imashini icapura yimukanwa mu kinyejana cya 15.Ibi byavumbuwe byahinduye uburyo amakuru yakwirakwijwe kandi ashyiraho urufatiro rwikoranabuhanga rigezweho.Uyu munsi, uruganda rwo gucapa ruhagaze ku isonga mu guhanga udushya, rwakira iterambere rya digitale rikomeje kuvugurura imiterere y’itumanaho no gutangaza.

Icapiro rya Gutenberg: Ivumburwa rya Revolution

Johannes Gutenberg, umucuzi w’umucuzi w’umudage, umucuzi wa zahabu, icapiro n’umwamamaji, yerekanye imashini icapura yimuka ahagana mu 1440-1450.Ibi byavumbuwe byaranze ibihe by'ingenzi mu mateka y'abantu, bituma habaho ibitabo byinshi kandi bigabanya cyane igihe n'imbaraga zisabwa mu kwandukura inyandiko ukoresheje intoki.Imashini ya Gutenberg yakoresheje ubwoko bwicyuma cyimukanwa, bituma habaho gucapa neza kopi nyinshi zinyandiko zifite ubusobanuro bwihuse kandi bwihuse.

Bibiliya ya Gutenberg, izwi kandi ku izina rya Bibiliya 42, ni cyo gitabo cya mbere gikomeye cyacapishijwe hakoreshejwe ubwoko bwimukanwa kandi cyagize uruhare runini mu gutuma amakuru agera ku bantu benshi.Ibi byaranze intangiriro yigihe gishya mu itumanaho kandi bishyiraho urufatiro rwinganda zigezweho.

Impinduramatwara mu nganda no gucapa

Igihe impinduramatwara y’inganda yatangiraga mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, uruganda rwo gucapa rwabonye iterambere.Imashini zikoresha imashini zashyizwe ahagaragara, byongera cyane umuvuduko nuburyo bwo gucapa.Ubushobozi bwo gucapa ibinyamakuru, ibinyamakuru, nibitabo byinshi byatumye amakuru arushaho kuboneka, bikarushaho guteza imbere gusoma no kwandika.

Impinduramatwara ya Digitale: Guhindura Icapiro

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, uruganda rwo gucapa rwabonye irindi hinduka rikomeye hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya digitale.Icapiro rya digitale ryagaragaye nkimbaraga ziganje, zitanga inyungu ntagereranywa mubijyanye n'umuvuduko, gukora neza, no kwihindura.Bitandukanye nuburyo gakondo bwo gucapa, icapiro rya digitale rikuraho ibikenerwa byo gucapa ibyapa, bigatuma biba byiza mugihe gito-gikoreshwa cyangwa kubisabwa.

Byongeye kandi, icapiro rya digitale ryemerera kwimenyekanisha no guhinduranya amakuru atandukanye, bigafasha ubucuruzi guhuza ibikoresho byabo byo kwamamaza kubakiriya kugiti cyabo, kuzamura ibikorwa no gusubiza.Ubwinshi bwimyandikire ya digitale yatumye habaho gukora ibicapo byujuje ubuziranenge mu bikoresho byinshi, kuva ku mpapuro no mu mwenda kugeza ku byuma na ceramika.

Kuramba no gucapa ibidukikije

Mubihe bigezweho, kuramba byabaye intego yibanze mubikorwa byo gucapa.Mucapyi iragenda ikora ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije, ikoresha ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa hamwe na wino ishingiye ku mboga kugirango bigabanye ingaruka z’ibidukikije.Byongeye kandi, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryatumye habaho uburyo bwo gucapa neza, kugabanya imyanda no gukoresha ingufu.

Umwanzuro

Urugendo rwo gucapa kuva ivumburwa rya Gutenberg kugeza mugihe cya digitale ryerekana ubwihindurize budasanzwe, bigahindura uburyo dusangira kandi dukoresha amakuru.Hamwe no guhanga udushya no kwiyemeza kuramba, inganda zicapiro zikomeje gutera imbere, zihuza ibikenewe bitandukanye byisi yihuta cyane.Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, turashobora guteganya iterambere ryibanze mubikorwa byo gucapa, kuzamura imikorere, kuramba, hamwe nuburambe bwo gucapa muri rusange.